When a relational database outgrows single-node hardware, horizontal scaling via database sharding, primary-replica read splitting, and connection poolers (such as PgBouncer or ProxySQL) prevents latency bottlenecks under peak loads.
When a relational database outgrows single-node hardware, horizontal scaling via database sharding, primary-replica read splitting, and connection poolers (such as PgBouncer or ProxySQL) prevents latency bottlenecks under peak loads.